Xnail-machine



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GW. PACKER. NAIL MACHINE.

No. 448,585. Patented Mar. 17, 1891.

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G. W. KER. NAIL MACHINE.

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G. W. PAGKER.

Y NAIL MACHINE. No. 448,585. Patented Mar. 17, 189.1.

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G. W. PA'CKBR. NAIL MACHINE.

No. 448,585. Patented Mar. 17, 1891.

(No Model.) V5 Sheets-@heet 5.

G. W. PAGKBR.

NAIL MACHINE.

No. 448,585. Patented Mar. 17,1891.

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GEORGE W'. PAOKER, OF ROCK FALLS, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE EMPIRE MANUFAQTURIN G COMPANY, OF KEOKUK, IOWA.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 448,585, dated March17, 1891. Application filed October 21,1889. Serial No. 327,694. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it 7a2/ay concern.-

Be it. knownthat I, Girone-n W. Pacman, a citizen of the United States,residing at Rock Falls, in the county of lVhiteside and State ofIllinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in NailMachines; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the artv to which [o it appertains to make and use the same,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters andfigures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

i5 My invention has reference to improvements in machines for makingnails; and it consists in novel mechanism for severing the nail from thenail-bar, transferring the nailblank when severed to and within clampingzo and forming jaws, forming the head of the nail while being thus held,and discharging the finished nail.

In my invention the nail-bar is fed by its own gravity verticallydownward through the top and at about the center of the machine. Thenails are severed therefrom by each of two cutting jaws or knives, whichoscillate lengthwise of the machine, alternately past the lower endofthe nail-bar, each of said cut- 3o ting-knives working 'against itsco-relative stationary cutting-knife, between which cntting forces thenail-bar is alternately interposed immediately before the cutting, by apreceding oscillation of the jaws which carry 3 5 and guide thenail-bar. The cutting surfaces of the respective moving knives and thatof their corelative stationary knives are oblique in reverse, so as toalternate the diagonal of the cut of the bar, and thus pre- 4o serve theproper shape oi' the lower end of the latter. This part of the processis substantially that described in Letters Patent of the United StatesNo. 374,807, granted to me December 13, 1857, for improvements innailcutting machines, and the advantage in this mode of cutting indifferent oblique lines at each ,oscillation of the nail-bar consists inthe fact that it dispenses with the necessity of turning the bar at thecutting of each nail 5o therefrom.

My present machine is very compact, and

all of the movements therein have their origin in and are governedsolely by a longitudinal oscillating` knife-head, which carries saidmovable knives. 5 5

In the drawings, Figure l represents a perspective view of a machineembodying the invention. Fig. 2 represents a vertical longi` tudinalsection of the complete machine on the line oe o@ of Fig. Fig. 3represents a vertical 6o transverse section of the com plete machine onthe linex .r of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 represents a perspective view of the topof the knife-head B and adjoined parts, the nailbarfeeding jaws andframeAbeing detached. Fig. comprises respective perspective views of theknife-head B, nail-header frame N forming-jaw frame H, nail-bar-feedingjaws and frame 5, and nailblank movers i9, with attached shaft 20, andoscillating shaft 2l.' Fig. o' represents a de- 7o tail sectional viewof the upper part on one side of the knifehead, with attachmentsthereto.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, A designates the casingorframeofthe machine. (Shown entire in Fig. l.)

At the front end of the machine is the transverse main or driving shaftO,journaled in bearings in the side of the casing and carrying afiywvheel on one end and a pulley E 8o on the other end.

B designates a knife-bearing head consisting of a vertical body B2 and ahorizontal arm B. The said head B stands longitudinally within thecasing A, and is provided with opposite lateral trunnions l l near itsangle, having centrally in their ends conical frustum-shapedbearing-recesses B3 B'es to receive the similarly-shaped points of thepivF otal rods or pins J, Fig. 3, that are supported 9o in suitablebearings in the adjacent sides of the casing, which sides are thickenedat the points where the openings are to give longer bearings to thepivotal pins. The body B2 of the knife-bearing head stands centrallywithin the casing, and the end of the arm B is connected bya suitablepitman D with a crank C of the driving-shaft C. In Fig. 5 is shown aperspective view of said head and pitman connected. The rotation of themain. shaft roo evidently vibrates the knife-*bearing head on thepivotal pins J longitudinally to the casing.

T 7, Figs. 2, 3, and 1, are knives secured in an axial recess X in thebody B2, extending from the top thereof, which knives proJect a slightdistance out of said recess. The knives stand, respectively, near thefront and rear sides of the recess X.

Extending from the center of the top of the casing A is a verticalfeedway F for the nail-bar G, hereinafter more fully described. Thelower end of the feedway opens into the top of the chamber 3, situatedcentrally in the top of the casing and having its front and rear sidesconverging to its lower end.

6 G are knives lying in sockets in said sides and converging downwardtoward the knives 7 7, Fig. 2. The knives 0 G may be adjusted fartherinward by means of spindle-rods having threaded ends and nuts thereon,as shown in Fig. 2. The euttingedges of said knives (l G are inward andincline laterally in opposite directions, but at equal angles, the edgesof the respective co-operating knives 7 having similar lateralinclinations. The cuttingcdges of the knives T are outward and each oneco-operates with a knife G on the opposite side, as apparent from Fig.2.

rlhe nail-bar G is much wider than it is thick, as can be seen bycomparing Figs. 2 and 3, and the nails are cut transversely from itslower end. The opposite inclination of the edges of the opposite knives,which alternately eut nail-blanks from the nail-bar is to avoid turningthe bar after each blank is cut off.

F, Fig. 2, is the vertical feedway for the nail-bar G, formedeentrallyin the top of the frame A and extending` into the chamber 3,and Vt' is a short transverse oscillatory shaft journaled in the upperpart of the casing A and having an opening through it of equaltransverse area to and aligned with said way and in effect forming partthereof. The nailbar G passes down the way F and has its lower endresting on one or the other of the shelves 13,which have the outervertical walls 14, Figs. 2 and G. The said shelves are secured toslide-rods17,having bearings in lugs 16, rising from the head B on eachside of the knives 7. The wall 1i of each shelf 13 stands verticallyunder the cutting-edge of the corresponding knife (i, when a 11ail-blankis to be eut off by said knife and the co-operating knife 7. This iseffected by the fixed catch 26, secured to the frame A, the catch 25,formed on the outer end of the slide-rod 17, and the coiled spring 15,surrounding said rod between the outer lug 1 G and the collar 1S on therod. (See Fig. 2.) The nail-bar is moved alternately from one set ofknives 6 7 to the other or from one shelf 13 to the other by thejaws 4f,the lower parts, Fig. 2, of which bear against the sides of said bar,while the upper parts 5 5 of the connected jaws, Fig. 3, are bentlaterally outward and upward and mounted on the shaft XV, so that thejaws oscillate therewith. The knives thus cut off a l blank on each sidealternately, alternate l blanks having their thicker ends in oppositedirections on account of the described inclination of the edges of theknives and the walls 14, forming with the edges of the adjacent lowerknives clamps for the blanks till they are pushed off the shelves 14E.

During the act of cutting off a blank the nail-bar is temporarily atrestrlhis and the oscillation of the shaft XV are effected by thefollowing means: S, Figs. 1 and 2, is an arm standing from one end ofthe shaft W, and E) is a pitman connecting the end of said arm and theforming-jaw frame ll, Figs. 3 and 5, that is mounted and swingslongitudinally on the knife-head or knife-bearing head B, the said framebeing composed of two similar sections, each having a hollow hub Il',that is mounted on a trunnion 1 of the knife-head. Vhen these sectionsare in place, they are secured together by bolts or otherwise. Theforming-jaw frame is provided with the two forming-armsK, standing fromopposite sides of the frame, Fig. 5, and inclined at equal angles in theopposite directions, there being an arm on each section of the frame.The lower end of the pitman is attached to one of said arms by a boltand nut 10, Figs. 3 and 5. As the frame Il swings, the pitman and arm 8cause the shaft V to oscillate. The upper end of the pitman 9, Figs. 1and 2, is flattened and provided with avertical slot 1l, of suitablelength, and a bolt 12 passes through said slot and engages in a threadedrecess in the arm 8, so that while the pitnian is rising or falling thelength of said slot the arm is not moved nor the shaft W oscillated.This happens when the nail-bar is in position to be cut on either side.The bottoms of vthe shelves 13 are cut away to permitthe blank-movers toact.

19 19, Figs. 2, 3, and 5, are the blank-movers, which have their lowerends mounted on the shaft 2O and stand in the recess X. The said shaftis mounted in a long longitudinal bearing recess in the knife-head, Fig.2, and has on its outer end an arm 2l, provided with a stud 22,preferably carrying an anti-friction roller 2st. The said anti-frictionroller, Figs. 1 and 2, rests in an upright slot 23 in a bar crossing anopening in the rear of the casing. The ends of said slot are vertical;but its central portion is inclined, as shown in Fig. 1. Now as theshaft 2O partakes of the oscillation of the knife-head the anti-frictionroller must move up and down in the slotand when passing the inclinedportion thereof must slightly rotate the shaft, so that the blankmoversare alternately moved in opposite directions thereby, and as the saidmovers fall in opposite directions and move the alternate blanks off theshelves from opposite sides one does its work when the knife-head isascending and the other when said head is descending. From the movers 19the blanks go tothe forming-jaws L L, seated in and carried by IOO IOS

IIO

the arms K of t-he frame lil., which arms are, as seen fully in Fig. et,on opposite sides ot' the casing and facing opposite ways.

1 ticipating in the motion of Opposed to each jaw L is a jaw M, seatedin and carried by the knife-head B and parsaid head. In the opposingfaces of the jaws L M there are recesses to give the shank of the nailits proper formation.

As the parts that directly move the forming-jaw frame Il, andconsequently the jaws L, are themselves actuated by the mechanism thatmoves the header-frame, the latter frai'ne and mechanism will be firstdescribed.

N, Figs. 2, 3, and 5, designates the headerframe or the frame carrying'the heading-dies- The header-frame straddles the hollow hubs ll of theformingj aw frame H, and is attached to the knife-head B at front andrear by the pivotal pins N passing through openings in the f ront andrear bosses of the headenframe and entering` seats 27 in the front andrear of the upright part of the knife-head, the ends of the pins N andsaid seats being conical, as shown. For convenience the shaft 2O passesaxially through the rear pin N; but said pin and shaft have no commonconnection nor motion.

-P l) are cylindrical heading-dies, having transverse seats in the upperpart of the header-frame on opposite sides thereof and at suitable-points riot facing each other, as they coact with the jaws L M onopposite sides. (See Fig. 4.) Each heading-dieis cylindrical and is sosituated and arranged that itsinner end will be brought against thelarger or thicker end of a nail-blank, held by the corresponding dies LM, as the header-frame os-V cillates laterally on the pins N or on theknifellead. This lateral oscillating is imparted to the header-frame bythe following means: O O, Figs. 1 and 3, are similar levers, each havingspherical heads at its ends and situated on opposite sides of the casingof the machine. The construction and operation of said levers vwill bebest understood by consulting Fig. 1. In said figure the lever O shownhas asocket 28 for its lower head in a portion of the casing and extendsthence upward an d frontward, its upper head having a similar socket 29in the lower side of the socket or housing of the heading-die P on thatside. The construction and arrangement of the opposite ball-andsocketlever O is the saine, except that the latter lever inclin es upward andrearward from its lower socket 2S to its upper socket 29. Now theheader-frame must vibrate longitudinally with the knife-head B, to whichit is attached, and, as the lower socket 2S is fixed and the lever O isrigid, when the said frame is depressed rearward, Fig. 1, with theknife-head, as the latter vibrates rearward the said lever must turn theheader-frame laterally inward on its pins N N andbring the heading-die,as described, against the nail-blanks. When the knife-head reverses itsmovement, the opposite lever O, having an opposite inclination, throwsthe header-frame inward from the opposite side, and so the heading-diesare caused to act alternately.

R R are ball-andsocket levers havingtheir lower spherical heads seatedin sockets in the front and rear bosses of the header-f rames, Fig. 2,and their upper heads seated in similar sockets in the under side of thecorresponding arm K of the forming-jaw frame. In consequence of thesituations of said arms the levers R must necessarily incline upward andoutward laterally at equal but opposite angles. Now when theheader-frame is turned or rolled laterally inward by the lever O, (seeFig. 2,) the corresponding lever R would tend to be compressedlongitudinally, and .as it can not relieve its tension by moving itslower socket and the bars of frame N it necessarily moves the arm Klongitudinally rearward, causing the forming or gripping die L to closeon the nail-blank lying against the end of the corresponding die M. Theparts are so arranged that this happens Ilinst before the heading-diestrikes the nail-blank to form the head. The action of the rear lever Ris similar, but alternates with the action of the front lever. When t-heaction has been completed and the jaws L M have let go, the ilnishednails fall through the ways S S into suitable receptacles below. Thenail-barde scends or is fed to and between the knives by gravity. i

Thatl I claim as my invention, and desire to secure b v Letters `Patentof the United States, is-

1. In a naibmachine, the combination of a stationary knife G, movableknife 7, a shelf 13, adapt-ed to receive the nail-blank, and mechanism,substantially as shown, for retaining said snelf in position to receivethe severed blank, for the purpose specified.

2. ln a nail-machine, the combination of the oscillating knife-head B,provided with knives 7 and forming and gripping jaws M, the stationaryknives ti,the frame N, pivoted thereon, provided with dies P, andformingjaw frame H, seated on the head B and provided with arms K andforming-dies L, the said parts having substantially the inter-relationand coaction" shown, whereby the nail-blank is severed, grippedlaterally, and headed during each oscillation of the head B,substantally as shown and for the purpose described.

In a nail-machine, the knife-bearing head B, provided with thestationary die M, the frame Il, pivotally seated on the head B andprovided with the die-bearing arms K and dies L, the stationary knives6, the frame N. provided with the heading-dies P, shelf 13, andblank-movers 19, whereby the nail is severed and completed at eachoscillation of the head B andthe control of thc nail-blank is retainedfrom before its severance until after its completion, substantially asshown, and for the purpose described.

e. In a nail-machine, the combination of a casing A, a knife-head B,adapted to oscillate IOO lIC

thereon, the vframe N, pivoted centrally lengthwise of the head B, theoscillating levers t), forming-jaw frame II, pivotally seated on thehead l5, and the levers It, substantially as shown, and for the purposedescribed.

5. In a na1lmachine, the combination of the casing A, oscillating headlLpivoted frame N, and levers O, seated in diagonal relation on oppositesides of said Aframe with their bases projected from the vertical lineof oscillation and oppositely from the center of scillation`substantially as shown, whereby is effected the lineal and lateraloscillation, for the purpose specified.

G. In a nail-machine, the combination of the blank-movers lil, shaft 20,arm 2l, and slot 23, having its middle portion inclined, substantiallyas shown, and for the purpose described.

7. In a nail-machine, in combination with the shelf I3, adapted toreceive the severed blank, a blank-moving device It), adapted to enterand partially traverse its recess and remove said blank therefrom,substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

S. In a nail-machine, the combination of the opposing cutting-knives Gand 7, shelf I3, seated in relation to receive the severed blanktherefrom, opposing jaws L and M, adapted to form an interveninginterval in substantial prolongation of the shelf 13, and ablankmoverIt), adapted to carry the severed blank from said shelf to and Withinthe grasp of the said forming-jaws, whereby constant control of theblank is retained, substantially as shown, and for the purposedescribed.

9. In a nail-machine, the combination of a casing A, an oscillating headB, provided with trunnions I, supporting centers or pins J, the mainshafthavingthecrank C,thepitman connecting said head I5 and crank, frameN, centers N and levers O seated as described and adapted to laterallyoscillate the frame N during the lineal oscillation of the latter,substantially as shown, and for the purpose described. l IO. In anail-machine, the combination of the oscillating frame II, pitman El,pivoted thereto and provided with slot il, oscillating shaft providedwith arm 8, and bolt l2, substantially as shown, and for the purposedescribed.

ll. In a nail-machine, the combination of the oscillating head I3, theblank-mover 19, shaft 20, arm 2l, boss 22, and stationary slot 223,substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

I2. In a nail-machine, the combination of the shelf 13, adapted toreceive the severed nail, forming-jaws L and M, and blank-mover 19,adapted to move the nail-blank endwise from said shelf to and betweensaid jaws, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

13. In a nailmaehine, the combination of the frame A, the oscillatinghead B,provided with forming-j aw M, the driving-crank shaft, the pitmanconnecting the said shaft and head I3, the frame X, the levers O, thejaw-frame II, provided with forming-jaw L, and the levers R,substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

It. In a nail-machine, the combination of a frame A, head l, pivotallyseated thereon and provided with jaw M and knife 7, pitman D,actuating-shaft C, frame II, provided with jaw L, levers O and R, shelf13, springs l5, hooks 26, and stationary knife 6,substan tially asshown, and for the purpose described.

l5. In a nail-machine, the combination of the frame A, provided withvertical nail-bar feed I and knives 6, hooks 26, and slot 23, axle C,pitman I), frame N, centers N', braces 0, heading-dies I), head II,provided with jaw L, braces R, centers .I, head B, provided with knives7 and With retaining-recess I3 i4, guiding-jaws l, blank-movers 19,shaft 20, arm 2l, and boss 22, all interarranged and operatingsubstantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE IAUKER.

Witnesses:

JOHN G. MANAHAN, ADDA E. WARD.

